Con el presente estudio se pretende analizar el conjunto de fotografías incluidas en la obra Causa General. La dominación roja en España. Avance de la información instruida por el Ministerio Público, publicada por el Ministerio de Justica en diciembre del año 1943, para averiguar su posible influencia en el constructo del imaginario colectivo.De dicha obra se desprenden tres conceptos que serán las imágenes asociadas a aquel período: la anarquía, la persecución de la iglesia y la vinculación del gobierno republicano a (...) Rusia. Así como la idea transversal de la inevitabilidad del golpe de Estado. (shrink)

Background: The acquisition of experience is a major concern for nurses in intensive care units. Although the emotional component of the clinical practice of these nurses has been widely studied, greater examination is required to determine how this component influences their learning and practical experience. Objective: To discover the relationships between emotion, memory and learning and the impacts on nursing clinical practice. Research design: This is a qualitative phenomenological study. The data were collected from open, in-depth interviews. A total of (...) 22 intensive care unit nurses participated in this research between January 2012 and December 2014. Ethical considerations: The School of Nursing Ethics Committee approved the study, which complied with ethical principles and required informed consent. Findings: We found a clear relationship between emotion, memory and the acquisition of experience. This relationship grouped three dimensions: (1) satisfaction, to relieve the patient’s pain or discomfort, give confidence and a sense of security to the patient, enable the presence of family members into the intensive care unit and provide family members with a realistic view of the patient’s situation; (2) error experience, which nurses feel when a patient dies, when they fail to accompany a patient in his or her decision to abandon the struggle to live or when they fail to lend support to the patient’s family; and (3) the feel bad–feel good paradox, which occurs when a mistake in the patient’s care or handling of his or her family is repaired. Conclusion: Emotion is a capacity that impacts on nurses’ experience and influences improvements in clinical practice. Recalling stories of satisfaction helps to reinforce good practice, while recalling stories of errors helps to identify difficulties in the profession and recognise new forms of action. The articulation of emotional competencies may support the development of nursing ethics in the intensive care unit to protect and defend their patients and improve their relationships with families in order to maximise the potential for patient care. (shrink)

The COVID‐19 pandemic triggered an unprecedented health crisis that impacted healthcare systems worldwide. This study explores how Spanish healthcare workers learned, internalised and integrated values and work behaviours during the COVID‐19 pandemic and their impact on the personal sphere. This documentary research, using images, narratives and audiovisual content, was framed within the interpretative hermeneutic paradigm. Categories and subcategories emerged after a final theoretical sampling that focused on the analysis. Data triangulation between researchers favoured theoretical saturation. A total of 117 images (...) and 27 texts were selected. The analysis identified three stages: bewilderment, seeking functionality in the chaos and integrating chaos into care. The data reflects how the need for security and knowledge, and the exhaustion and frustration caused by the initial working conditions, prompted adaptive responses. These responses involved focusing on problem‐solving and strengthening group sentiments and solidarity. Subsequently, the data indicates the acceptance of new structural, organisational and communication aspects. The findings of the analysis will contribute towards finding a framework that can help understand community health crisis events. (shrink)

Background A combination of theoretical and practical approaches is required to learn and acquire ethical competencies in caring. Occasionally, reflection on practical action differs from theoretical learning. In the context of reflective learning, issues such as ethical values can be discussed since they evoke conflict among nursing students. Aim To identify ethical conflicts encountered by nursing students during clinical placements and to determine their cooperation strategies. Research design Qualitative study with a content analysis according to Elo and Kinglas framework. Participants (...) and research context Students enrolled in a nursing program at a Spanish university aged between 22 and 35, mainly women. Methodology The study includes 134 ethical reflections from nursing students in the last year of the nursing program, written during their clinical practices in a variety of learning environments. The research team analyzed the reflections using an inductive content analysis method. Ethical considerations Ethical permission was obtained by the management center according to Law 3/2028, and all the participants accepted to participate through the informed consent form. Findings Three main categories emerged from the analysis of the ethical reflections: (1) evaluation of professional performance and patient care; (2) the student as the protagonist of the dilemma; (3) student coping. Student dilemmas and concerns are related to ignorance, student-patient communication, mistakes made and self-confidence. Some situations conflict with the autonomy of patients and their rights, and can contribute to stressful situations for patients. Stress factors include hospital routines, which the patient cannot modify, and asymmetric relationships with staff, which encourage passivity. Conclusion All ethical problems detected by the students begin with the professional-patient relationship, including issues related to bad news, errors or malpractice. Reflection on the ethical values of nursing, both in the classroom and in clinical practices, allows students to develop a greater ethical awareness of care, enhancing their decision-making skills in ethical dilemmas. (shrink)

Music can reduce stress and anxiety, enhance positive mood, and facilitate social bonding. However, little is known about the role of music and related personal or cultural variables in maintaining wellbeing during times of stress and social isolation as imposed by the COVID-19 crisis. In an online questionnaire, administered in 11 countries, participants rated the relevance of wellbeing goals during the pandemic, and the effectiveness of different activities in obtaining these goals. Music was found to be the most effective activity (...) for three out of five wellbeing goals: enjoyment, venting negative emotions, and self-connection. For diversion, music was equally good as entertainment, while it was second best to create a sense of togetherness, after socialization. This result was evident across different countries and gender, with minor effects of age on specific goals, and a clear effect of the importance of music in people's lives. Cultural effects were generally small and surfaced mainly in the use of music to obtain a sense of togetherness. Interestingly, culture moderated the use of negatively valenced and nostalgic music for those higher in distress. (shrink)

Background: Serious games have shown positive results in increasing motivation, adherence to treatment and strengthening the therapeutic alliance in multiple psychiatric disorders. In particular, patients with impulse control disorders and other disorders in which the patient suffers from inhibitory control deficits have been shown to benefit from serious games.Aim: The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics and to evaluate the usability of a new serious videogame, e-Estesia. This serious videogame was designed to improve emotion regulation in patients (...) with gambling disorder. Preliminary results from a pilot sample are also reported.Method: A pilot sample of 26 patients undergoing treatment for GD was recruited. Participants used e-Estesia on a tablet, which was connected to a thoracic band that sent heart rate and heart rate variability data to the videogame platform in order to provide biofeedback. The System Usability Scale was completed by patients to determine the usability of e-Estesia.Results and Discussion: e-Estesia performed comparatively well for all the explored groups. Around 84.6% of the patients endorsed that it was easy to use. Female patients with GD presented higher HRV during the use of the serious videogame compared to men. (shrink)

Social and environmental ratings provided by social rating agencies are multidimensional. The first goal of our paper is to identify a small number of independent and relevant socially responsible (SR) dimensions reflecting a firms’ coherent posture toward social issues. We put forward that these dimensions are not exactly the same as the ESG ones (Environment, Social, and Governance). Using the six sub-ratings provided by the Vigeo rating agency, we perform a principal component analysis and we highlight three main independent SR (...) dimensions related to (1) business stakeholders (employees, customers, and suppliers), (2) societal stakeholders (environment and society), and (3) financial stakeholders (stockholders and debt holders). The second objective of our paper is to explore the link between stock returns and these three SR dimensions. Our most notable finding is that for each SR dimension, investors ask for an additional risk premium when they accept to hold non-socially responsible stocks. The cost of equity is thus lower for SR firms. The average premium over the period 2003–2010 is larger for the components “business stakeholders” and “financial stakeholders” than for the component “societal stakeholders.” The premium for this last component has only existed since the end of 2008. Since that time, environment and community involvement have become important risk factors strongly considered by investors. For the three dimensions, investors notably penalize large non-social firms and reward small social firms. (shrink)

This paper is a critical analysis and overview of body image conceptualization and its scope and limits within the field of eating disorders up to the present day. In addition, a concept ofemotional bodily experienceis advanced in an attempt to shift towards a more comprehensive and multidimensional perspective for thelived bodyof these patients. It mainly considers contributions from phenomenology, embodiment theories and a review of the empirical findings that shed light on the emotional bodily experience in eating disorders. It proposes (...) an ‘embodied defense’ that leads patients to experiencing their own bodies as objects. This proposal highlights the need for new psychotherapeutic tools in the treatment ofeds that take into account the bodily resonance of emotions and their use for improving adaptive responses to the environment: it calls for helping patients to recover the subjective experience of their bodies. (shrink)

The present paper stems from the biosemiotic modelling of individual artificial cognition proposed by Ferreira and Caldas (2012) but goes further by introducing the concept of Umwelt Overlap. The introduction of this concept is of fundamental importance making the present model closer to natural cognition. In fact cognition can only be viewed as a purely individual phenomenon for analytical purposes. In nature it always involves the crisscrossing of the spheres of action of those sharing the same environmental bubble. Plus, the (...) incorporation of that concept is vital to understand the complex semiosis that sustains collective tissues, societies, regulating collective cognition and consequently cooperative action. The concept of Umwelt Overlap broadens the range of applicability of the previous model to several distinct domains allowing for example for its application to multi-agent cooperative autonomous systems. In this paper a Middle Size League RoboCup soccer team is used as an example of a possible application. (shrink)

In the Leviathan, power can be understood in two different senses, which are carefully discriminated in its Latin version by the use of the terms potentia and potestas to translate, depending on the context and the type of power concerned, the English power. Potentia and potestas, although types of power of a different nature – one, the physical power that bodies have to take effect on each other; the other, the juridical power, out of which legal effects as justice itself (...) come about –, are mutually implicated in the intertwining of juridical representations. This article aims to explore the consequences that follow from this ambivalent concept of power to think about justice and natural right. (shrink)

"Meaning, the complex phenomenon of individuation and the definition of identity are the core theme of this work. Grounded on a theoretical framework that gives particular emphasis to the semiotic process common to all forms of cognition, human cognitionis conceived here as specific of organisms that, in the course of their interactions, produce symbolic forms, defining the specific physical, social and cultural environments in which they evolve. Individuation, inherent to that semiotic process, is complex and double-sided. It involves, on one (...) hand, the definition of semantic identities and their acknowledgment as world objects naming; on the other hand, it comprehends the specific lexical and morphosyntactic strategies different languages have found todesignate particular entities referring. The definition of world objects and its symbolic translation presents variations from language to language. In the second part of the book, we define what we have called a 'structure-motivated ontology' to represent how this symbolic translation is accomplished in English and European Portuguese. Plus, we try to show how the nature of this symbolic translation affects structural realisation, namely the individuation of reference and the construal of 'one-off referring' expressions."--Publisher's description. (shrink)

Partindo da idéia de que, a partir da Maquiavel, a relação entre direito e podertornou-se problemática, procura-se tratar aqui do modo como Hobbes lidou com esse problema.De um lado, ele separou essas duas instâncias, por ele entendidas enquanto duasmodalidades diferentes de relações entre os homens. Por outro, ele apoiou tais relaçõesumas sobre as outras, na constituição do Estado. Quer-se mostrar que, longe de incidirnuma incoerência, a diferença e ao mesmo tempo o apoio recíproco entre relações de direitoe de poder constituem (...) o modo específico com que Hobbes respondeu aos desafio postopor Maquiavel e o eixo a partir do qual ele pensou o problema fundamental da duração doEstado no tempo.Hobbes; direito; poder; Estado. (shrink)

Stemming from Uexkull’s fundamental concepts of Umwelt and Innenwelt as developed in the biosemiotic approach of Ferreira 2010, 2011, the present work models mathematically the semiosis of cognition and proposes an artificial cognitive architecture to be deployed in a robotic structure.

La agencia moral kantiana ha sido la base teórica para los fundamentos morales y jurídicos de la autonomía de la voluntad. Sin embargo, las neurociencias han demostrado que la agencia racional kantiana resulta un traje de difícil calce para el sujeto contemporáneo, de modo que la evidencia nos hace cuestionarnos acerca de sus repercusiones en el ámbito del derecho. Este trabajo trata en primer lugar de constatar las diferencias existentes entre la agencia kantiana y aquella que muestran los estudios neurocientíficos, (...) y, en segundo lugar, reflexionar si esta disonancia pudiera ser problemática para el derecho, y las razones esgrimidas para ello. (shrink)

O artigo trata da famosa nota do ensaio Dos Caracteres Nacionais, na qual Hume afirma suspeitar que os negros são inferiores aos brancos. No lugar de perguntar o quanto o racismo expresso na nota penetra na obra, como se costuma fazer, coloca-se outra questão: o que Hume tem a dizer sobre o conteúdo da nota, levando em conta seu contexto de enunciação? Como ele situa no ensaio Dos Caracteres nacionais o seu próprio racismo? A partir de uma análise do ensaio (...) e da nota, pretende-se mostrar que a filosofia de Hume oferece os elementos e os conceitos precisos para que se compreenda o conteúdo da nota como um preconceito europeu. (shrink)

Tras una breve introducción destinada a recordar las grandes líneas del pensamiento de plotiniano, el trabajo analiza tres modos de conocimiento o de aprehensión que caracterizan los tres niveles de la realidad o hipóstasis. En el nivel de la inteligencia, nous, al que se denomina nivel noético, se verifica un tipo de conocimiento genuino, que es el autoconocimiento. En el nivel del alma, psiché, nivel dianoético, se da un conocimiento de tipo discursivo que sólo en sentido secundario y derivado es (...) conocimiento de sí. Por fin, en el nivel de lo Uno, tó ghén, nivel supranoético, puede hablarse de un conocimiento de sí solo en sentido traslaticio y “eminencial”, puesto que el primer principio de la realidad, que es absoluta unidad, al no tener duplicidad alguna, en sentido estricto no puede tener pensamiento, ni siquiera de sí mismo, pero, al mismo, no es algo inherte, si no absoluta plenitud. El trabajo intenta mostrar cómo Plotino se apoya en el tipo de conocimiento de la inteligencia, que le sirve de punto nodal, para articular los tres modos de conocimiento y para caracterizar un “infra-autoconocimiento”, el del alma, y un “supra-autoconocimiento”, el de lo Uno. (shrink)

El presente trabajo profundiza el estudio de los procesos de aprendizaje del niño asociados a la utilizaciónde nuevas tecnologías (tablet) en el aula. Estudios experimentales y cuasiexperimentales a nivel internacional de la última década analizan el aprendizaje como el aumento y repetición del contenido ofrecido en el dispositivo móvil, omitiendo la experiencia del aprehender o procesos de aprendizaje que permiten la apropiación de dicho conocimiento. Por esta razón se plantean las preguntas: ¿La tablet colabora o irrumpe el acto de aprehender? (...) ¿Es pertinente considerar la tablet como mediadora de los procesos de aprendizaje? Para dar respuesta a estas interrogantes se propuso una investigación cualitativa con un marco teórico psicoanalítico en seis escuelas fiscales del Ecuador. Los resultados permiten identificar al playing (juegos sin regla), concepto propuesto por Winnicott como uno de los elementos centrales en los procesos del aprehender. De ahí que los niños sobrepasan la actividad programada por el software creando figuras y formas en la pantalla, y exploran posibilidades numéricas que les permiten pensar más allá de la actividad propuesta en la tablet. También, se ha identificado que es el docente quien facilita los procesos de aprendizaje: los niños acuden a él a mostrarle los resultados, usan sus palabras y ritmos para resolver las tareas que se les solicita a través del uso de la tablet. Se concluye que el vínculo educativo en los procesos de aprendizaje frente al uso de tecnologías es significativo, ubicando al docente como mediador y a la tablet como un posible intermediario. (shrink)

La asociación entre juego y seriedad es un _locus classicus_ en la literatura griega, y los filósofos no han dejado de reflexionar sobre esos dos aspectos de la vida humana. En este trabajo me propongo presentar y discutir algunos pasajes tomados de obras de Platón de Aristóteles y de Plotino en los que se ocupan del juego y la seriedad. Atiendo al modo en que estos tres autores enfocan el tópico y conciben la relación entre juego y seriedad. A pesar (...) de que sus perspectivas difieren, tienen puntos en común y consideran que juego y seriedad se complementan tanto en la vida como en la escritura. (shrink)

En Político (268d-277a) la historia ficticia de la reversión periódica del universo expresa la existencia en el universo de dos fuerzas o tendencias en concurrencia: la que orienta al mundo y al hombre hacia su télos, que es lo más perfecto, y la tendencia hacia el desorden y la confusión, es decir, la puramente mecánica y azarosa. Finalidad y mecanismo las dos tendencias que están presentes en Timeo, reaparecen en el libro de Leyes bajo la forma de un alma buena (...) y un alma mala. La primera es la que da cuenta del movimiento racional del mundo, en tanto que la segunda es causante de su movimiento alocado e irregular (897c-d). En Político las dos tendencias o fuerzas rectoras del universo alternan su predominancia, están en tensión. Y es la medida de esa alternancia la que salva al mundo de la destrucción y hace que se mantenga el equilibrio. Ese juego de tensiones traduce la existencia de una proporcionalidad en el seno del universo, gracias a la cual el mundo es precisamente un kósmos. En el Timeo el equilibrio resulta de la persuasión que la inteligencia ejerce sobre la necesidad, orientándola hacia lo mejor. También en Leyes reaparece esta idea, en X 906a ese equilibrio consiste en una tensión entre lo racional y lo irracional que hay en el universo. (shrink)

Resenha sobre 'Maquiavelianas' de Sérgio Cardoso.

Borges, un escritor ecuménico en los bordes insondables del infinito del otro. Borges, un pensador del tiempo que lo acompaña en una oscuridad que ilumina. Un artista que el mismo tiempo se aventura a perpetuar. Un filósofo que soslaya la palabra cuya adivinanza nos seduce al límite de lo innombrable. Un ser donde la ética es su obra. De esta obra en la cual se refleja su ética, o de esa ética donde su obra es la autora, es de lo (...) que nos atrevemos a disertar. (shrink)

En el presente artículo analizamos la Internet desde su origen hasta la actualidad considerándola como una unidad integrada por otras tecnologías de comunicación e información, donde todos tienen la posibilidad de hablar. A partir de esta condición inicial dividimos el análisis en dos direcciones: la red como tecno-capitalismo, y la red como «comunista», «comunitaria», «solidaria», «socialista», «democrática».

El estudio comparativo de la Ley de Prensa de Brasil y la ley de Servicios de Comunicación Audiovisual de Argentina es el análisis empírico de la construcción de un paradigma en la teoría de la comunicación basado en el estudio de la filosofía de G. W. Leibniz, tomando como pilares la filosofía y teoría de la comunicación de Jürgen Habermas y las ideas de complejidad y paradigma de Edgar Morin.

In this paper architectural forms are presented as symbolic forms issued from the complex semiosis that characterises human cognition (Ferreira (2007, 2010)). Being semiotic objects, these symbolic forms are, consequently, context- dependent_they emerge and have meaning, i.e., they are assigned a functional and/or aesthetic value, in particular physical, social and cultural frameworks. As it happens with all semiotic objects, architectural forms, whatever their nature, are not static but highly interactive. In fact, they act as agents of specific semiotic processes, engaged (...) in a permanent dialectic relationship with the environment they are embedded in. From this dialectics important physical, social, cultural and economic changes frequently arise, redefining this way the original framework for decades to come. As Pallasmaa (2009) points out: “Architecture is existentially rooted, and it expresses fundamental existential experiences, the complex condensation of how it feels to be human being in this world. Architecture grounds and frames existence and creates specific horizons of perception, understanding and identity.” Architecture happens in the context of particular landscapes both natural and man-made, individuating spaces, assigning them an identity, turning the frequently undifferentiated physical environment into “locus”, “place”, “site”, “ort”, definitely contributing to the definition of the mental map that individual minds are able to share collectively. The fundamental role played by architectural forms in the definition of “place” and identity and in the shaping or reshaping of a physical, social and cultural environment is analysed in this paper through a case study that observes the consequences of this dynamics in the development of the social and cultural tissue of a particular city. (shrink)

A partir de la teoría de la enunciación y de sus adquisiciones actuales, el artículo propone considerar tres tipos de variaciones discursivas que se ponen de manifiesto en el relato literario contemporáneo: en primer lugar, variaciones que afectan a la sustancia expresiva, en segundo lugar, aquéllas que involucran la forma de articulación de enunciaciones correspondientes al propio texto y, finalmente, las que atienden a la convocación de enunciaciones ajenas al texto. El análisis de los distintos tipos de variaciones discursivas permite (...) sacar a la luz la tensión presente en la narración literaria entre el carácter singular del acto enunciativo y el universo plural de las prácticas discursivas ya consolidadas en la memoria cultural. (shrink)

Este texto pretende indicar que a teoria da soberania hobbesiana não tem por função resolver, a favor da razão, um conflito entre ela e as paixões anti-sociais, mas um desnível entre o cálculo prudencial e racional, entre os planos dos fatos e de sua expressão verbal, ou entre dois modos de o pensamento se colocar a serviço das paixões.

A noção de conatus desempenha na física hobbesiana um papel inequívoco: o de.explicar as determinações de um movimento sem recorrer à idéia de uma potencialidade ou inclinação para o movimento. Nossa questão consiste em saber se a noção de conatus cumpre a mesma função na teoria das paixões, e, a partir daí, na medida em que respondamos afirmativamente esta questão, trata-se de procurar compreender, minimamente que seja, ao que consiste para Hobbes uma paixão.